Drupal 8 breadcrumb functions (menu_get_active_trail, and menu_link_get_preferred ...)

Those functions [ menu_set_active_item(), menu_set_active_trail(), menu_get_active_trail(), menu_link_get_preferred() ] are removed on D8 and replaces with drupal 8 service. You can use following example to get data and to edit.

Example :

$menu_name = NULL;

$active_trail = \Drupal::service('menu.active_trail');

//To get item ids

$ids = $active_trail->getActiveTrailIds($menu_name);

//To get links

$link = $active_trail->getActiveLink($menu_name);

//To get menu name

$menu_name = $link->getMenuName();