Get Entity, Node, Taxonomy from URL Path

Drupal 8

Drupal 7

Get the node
$node = menu_get_object();

Get Path alias
$alias = drupal_get_path_alias();

Get path alias
$alias = drupal_get_path_alias();
$path = drupal_lookup_path("source", $alias);

Get node from path alias
$alias = drupal_get_path_alias();
$path = drupal_lookup_path("source", $alias);
$node = menu_get_object("node", 1, $path);